The effect of a net economy

In order to arrive at a better understanding of what a net-economy is and how it stresses the relevance of software, it is first important to discuss the concept of a net-economy.   Net-economy is basically defined as a digital network that allows for the transfer of information from one source to another.This transfer has a value that then creates its own economy that takes advantage of the different electronic platforms that exist between parties.   It is also an economy that takes advantage of the development of information technology.   This brief discourse shall attempt to highlight the relevance of software in this growing economy and how it has changed the way by which business is conducted by shifting from people based focus to software dependent methods.The effect of a net economy can be seen clearly through the impact that the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry has had on certain economies.The reason for this is that BPOs have opened up the world markets and has shown that, according to Friedman, there really is a flat world that allows the factors of production, in this instance information, to flow from one part of the world to another.   In his book entitled The Flat World, Friedman has cited the information exchange and the net-economy as one of the major forces that is currently changing the way businesses are run on a global level.This recognition of the net-economy has now stressed the importance of software to its success.   As Friedman elaborates, the impact of this is that software or the means through which information is transferred becomes more important than the people.The success of the net-economy is now dependent on the speed and velocity by which information can be processed from the source to the market.   Presently, most of the companies that are based in 1st World Countries that are engaged in IT require specialized talent, which can be found in other developing countries, in order to function.The depletion of talented individuals and workers is now forcing these companies to search for the required technical assistance in other talent rich countries located outside of the developed countries such the United States, such as India and China.   Without software, there is no way by which this information or talent can be accessed, it becomes increasingly important, therefore, to ensure that there is enough software to support the net-economy.The main contribution or impact that software has had with regard to the economic aspect is that the net-economy has greatly increased the relative wages that individuals now receive with those engaged in the IT sector earning relatively more in the present than ever.The salary range for programmers in other countries is significantly lower than that of most developed countries with a higher standard of living and therefore even by relocating the entire business process to other countries and factoring in the movement costs and expenses, the companies that resort to outsourcing still save more than they would if they chose to continue all business operations in the developed countries.This means that people as a cost of doing business is a factor that can be changed and is now variable.   This also signifies that software development is quite integral to this process because it allows businesses to relocate the variable factors without a decrease in productivity.In a very serious, competitive environment, companies have to concentrate on their core competency and they want to outsource everything and reduce cost and therefore the world is seeing the trend toward offshore outsourcing increasing.As technology continues to improve and the business world becomes more and more competitive, the growing role of a net-economy becomes crucial.   Yet in order for the net-economy to take full advantage of the situation it needs to lay the infrastructure for such which lies in the information technology development and software.The prom ise of increased velocity for information transfer between business units and lower costs can only be achieved with the establishment and creation of this technology backbone.   Therefore, while people, as a business resource, are important, in a net-economy the key to survival and to remaining competitive lies in the software.

Chapter 18 Solutions

EXERCISE 18-1 (10-15 minutes) Add or deduct from accounting income (a)2deduct (b)1add (c)3add (d)1add (e)2deduct (f)2deduct (g)1add (h3deduct (i)3deduct (j)1add (k)1add (l)1add EXERCISE 18-3 (15-20 minutes) (a) Accounting income$105,000 Permanent differences: Non-deductible fines 11,000 116,000 Timing differences: Excess of CCA over amortization (16,000) Excess rent collected over rent earned? 24,000 Taxable income$124,000 Current income taxes – 30% $37,200 (b) Deductible Balance(Taxable)Future TaxCurrent SheetTemporaryTax AssetLong- AccountDifferencesXRate(Liability)TermPP & E($16,000)*30%($4,800) LT Unearned Rent revenue 24,00030% 7,200C Future income tax asset, Dec. 31, 20092,400 Future income tax asset before adjustment 0 Incr. in future income tax asset and future income tax benefit for 2009$2,400 *Carrying amount and tax basis are not given in the exercise, only the net difference (c)Current Income Tax Expense37,200 Income Tax Payable37,200 Future Income Tax Asset? 7,200 * Future Income Tax Benefit2,400 Future Income Tax Liability? 4,800* *or a net debit to Future Income Tax Asset of $2,400 Because of a flat tax rate, these totals can be reconciled: $24,000 – $16,000) X 30% = $7,200 + ($4,800). EXERCISE 18-3 (Continued) (d)Income before income taxes$105,000 Income tax expense Current$37,200 Future benefit? (2,400)? 34,800 Net income$70,200 (e) Divided by Accounting @ 30% Income Accounting income $ 105,000 31,500 30. 0% Non-deductible fines 11,000 3,300 3. 1% 34,800 33. 1% Effective tax rate ($34,800/$105,000)33. 1% (f)Current assets Future income tax asset$7,200 Non-Current liabilities Future Income Tax Liability4,800 EXERCISE 18-9 (15-20 minutes) (a) Balance Deductible Sheet (Taxable) Future Tax AccountCarryingTaxTemporaryTaxAssetDec. 31, 2008AmountBasisDifferencesRate(Liability) Warranty liability($130,000)$0 $130,000 25%$32,500 Future income tax asset, December 31, 200832,500 Future income tax asset before adjustment 0 Increase in future i ncome tax asset and future income tax benefit for 2008$32,500 Future years Total200920102011 Deductible temporary difference Warranty liability $130,000 $50,000 $35,000 $45,000 Tax rate enacted for the year 25%25%25% Future tax asset $32,500 $12,500 $8,750 $11,250 EXERCISE 18-9 (Continued) (b)2008 Accounting income$135,000Permanent differences:-0- Timing difference: Warranty expense > warranty costs incurred 130,000 Taxable income 265,000 Current income taxes – 25%$66,250 (c) Current Income Tax Expense66,250 Income Tax Payable 66,250 Future Income Tax Asset32,500 Future Income Tax Benefit32,500 (d)Income before income taxes$135,000 Income tax expense Current$66,250 Future benefit? (32,500) 33,750 Net income$101,250 EXERCISE 18-15 (40-45 minutes) (a) Basic Calculations of Capital Cost Allowance, Amounts and Balances: C-B (A)(B)A – B(C)Timing YearBaseCCAUCCAmort. NBVDifference 2007 $600,000 X 40 % X . $ 120,000 $ 480,000 $120,000$480,000$0 2008 480,000 X 40 % 192,000 288 ,000 120,000360,000(72,000) 2009 288,000 X 40 % 115,200 172,800 120,000240,0004,800 2010 172,800 X 40 % 69,120 103,680 120,000120,00050,880 2011 103,680 X 40 % 41,472 62,208120,000078,528 $537,792 (b) 20072008200920102011 Accounting income $ 340,000 $340,000 $340,000 $340,000 $ 340,000 Timing difference – (72,000) 4,800 50,880 78,528 Taxable income $ 340,000 $268,000 $344,800 $390,880 $ 418,528 X 34 %X 34 %X 34 %X 34 %X 34 %Income taxes payable$115,600$91,120$117,232$132,899$142,300 EXERCISE 18-15 (Continued) (c) and (d) 2007 Balance Deductible Sheet (Taxable) Future Tax AccountCarryingTaxTemporaryTaxAsset Dec. 31, 2007AmountBasisDifferencesRate(Liability) Property Plant & Equipment$480,000 $480,000 034%$0 Future income tax asset/liability, December 31, 20070 Future income tax asset/liability before adjustment 0 Increase in future income tax liability and future income tax expense for 2007$0 Current Income Tax Expense115,600 Income Taxes Payable? 115,600 ($340,000 X 34%) part (a) EXERCISE 18-15 (Continued) (c) and (d) continued 008 Balance Deductible Sheet (Taxable) Future Tax AccountCarryingTaxTemporaryTaxAsset Dec. 31, 2008AmountBasisDifferencesRate(Liability) Property Plant & Equipment$360,000$288,000 (72,000)34%($24,480) Future income tax liability, December 31, 2008(24,480) Future income tax liability before adjustment 0 Increase in future income tax liability and future income tax expense for 2008($24,480) Current Income Tax Expense91,120 Income Taxes Payable? 91,120 ($268,000 X 34%) part (a) Future Income Tax Expense24,480 Future Income Tax Liability? 24,480 EXERCISE 18-15 (Continued) (c) and (d) continued 2009Balance Deductible Sheet (Taxable) Future Tax AccountCarryingTaxTemporaryTaxAsset Dec. 31, 2009AmountBasisDifferencesRate(Liability) Property Plant & Equipment$240,000$172,800 ($67,200)34%($22,848) Future income tax liability, December 31, 2009(22,848) Future income tax liability before adjustment (24,480) Decrease in future income tax liab ility and future income tax benefit for 2009$1,632 2009 Current Income Tax Expense117,232 Income Taxes Payable? 117,232 ($344,800 X 34%) part (a) Future Income Tax Liability1,632 Future Income Tax Benefit? 1,632 EXERCISE 18-15 (Continued) (c) and (d) continued 2010 Balance DeductibleSheet (Taxable) Future Tax AccountCarryingTaxTemporaryTaxAsset Dec. 31, 2010AmountBasisDifferencesRate(Liability) Property Plant & Equipment$120,000$103,680 ($16,320)34%($5,549) Future income tax liability, December 31, 2010(5,549) Future income tax liability before adjustment (22,848) Decrease in future income tax liability and future income tax benefit for 2010$17,299 2010 Current Income Tax Expense132,899 Income Taxes Payable? 132,899 ($390,880 X 34%) part (a) Future Income Tax Liability17,299 Future Income Tax Benefit? 17,299 EXERCISE 18-15 (Continued) (c) and (d) continued 2011 Balance DeductibleSheet (Taxable) Future Tax AccountCarryingTaxTemporaryTaxAsset Dec. 31, 2011AmountBasisDifferencesRate(Li ability) Property Plant & Equipment$0$62,208 $62,20834%$21,151 Future income tax asset, December 31, 201121,151 Future income tax liability before adjustment (5,549) Increase in future income tax asset and future income tax benefit for 2011$26,700 2011 Current Income Tax Expense142,300 Income Taxes Payable? 142,300 ($418,528 X 34%) part (a) Future Income Tax Liability5,549* Future Income Tax Asset21,151* Future Income Tax Benefit? 26,700 *Alternately, a debit to Future Tax Asset26,700 EXERCISE 18-15 (Continued) (e) 2007Current Income Tax Expense115,600 Income Taxes Payable? 115,600 ($340,000 X 34%) 2008 Current Income Tax Expense91,120 Income Taxes Payable? 91,120 ($268,000 X 34%) 2009 Current Income Tax Expense117,232 Income Taxes Payable? 117,232 ($344,800 X 34%) 2010 Current Income Tax Expense132,899 Income Taxes Payable? 132,899 ($390,880 X 34%) 2011 Current Income Tax Expense142,300 Income Taxes Payable? 142,300 ($418,528 X 34%) PROBLEM 18-9 Part 1. (a) Mixed tax rates Future y ears 20092010201120122013Total Future taxable amounts ($300) ($300) ($300) ($200) ($100) ($1,200) Tax rate enacted for the year 30%30%30%35%35%Future tax (liability) ($90) ($90) ($90) ($70) ($35) ($375) Future years 20092010201120122013Total Future deductible amounts $1,800 $1,800 Tax rate enacted for the year 30%30%30%35%35% Future tax asset – – – $ 630 – $ 630 PROBLEM 18-9 (Continued) Part 1. (a) Balance Deductible Sheet (Taxable) Future Tax AccountCarryingTaxTemporaryTaxAsset Dec. 31, 2008Amount*Basis*DifferencesRate(Liability) Property Plant & Equipment($1,200)Mixed($375) Litigation Liability1,800Mixed630 Future income tax asset, December 31, 2008255Future income tax liability before adjustment (500) Increase in future income tax asset and future income tax benefit for 2008$755 * not given in the problem Part 1. part (b) Current Income Tax Expense1,200 Income Tax Payable1,200 ($4,000 X 30%) Future Income Tax Asset/Liability755 Future Income Tax Benefi t755* *Alternately: Future Income Tax Asset630 Future Income Tax Liability125 Future Income Tax Benefit755 PROBLEM 18-9 (Continued) Part 2. (a) Mixed tax rates Future years 2009201020112012Total Future taxable amounts ($400) ($400) ($400) ($400) ($1,600) Tax rate enacted for the year 30%30%30%35%Future tax (liability) ($120) ($120) ($120) ($140) ($500) Future years 2009201020112012Total Future deductible amounts $3,000 $3,000 Tax rate enacted for the year 30%30%30%35% Future tax asset – – $900 – $900 PROBLEM 18-9 (Continued) Part 2. (a) Balance Deductible Sheet (Taxable) Future Tax AccountCarryingTaxTemporaryTaxAsset Dec. 31, 2008Amount*Basis*DifferencesRate(Liability) Property Plant & Equipment($1,600)Mixed($500) Litigation Liability3,000Mixed900 Future income tax asset, December 31, 2008400 Future income tax asset before adjustment 600Decrease in future income tax asset and future income tax expense for 2008$200 * not given in the problem Part 2. part (b) Curr ent Income Tax Expense1,200 Income Tax Payable1,200 ($4,000 X 30%) Future Income Tax Expense200* Future Income Tax Asset200* *Alternately: Future Income Tax Expense200 Future Income Tax Asset300 Future Income Tax Liability500 PROBLEM 18-9 (Continued) (c) Part 1 – All balance sheet related accounts are non-current Pirates Corp. Balance Sheet December 31, 2008 Non-current assets Future income tax asset$255 Part 2 – All balance sheet related accounts are non-current Eagles Corp. Balance Sheet December 31, 2008Non-current assets Future income tax asset$400 PROBLEM 18-12 (a)2007 Income Tax Refund Receivable—20047,500 ($25,000 X 30%) Income Tax Refund Receivable—200518,000 ?($60,000 X 30%) Income Tax Refund Receivable—200632,000 ($80,000 X 40%) Current Income Tax Benefit (Due to Loss Carryback)57,500 Note:An acceptable alternative is to record only one Income Tax Refund Receivable account for the amount of $57,500. Future Income Tax Asset18,000 Future I ncome Tax Benefit (Due to Loss Carryforward)18,000 ($210,000 – $25,000 – $60,000 – $80,000 = $45,000) ($45,000 X 40% = $18,000) 2008 Current Income Tax Expense10,000Income Tax Payable? 10,000 [($70,000 – $45,000) X 40%] Future Income Tax Expense18,000 Future Income Tax Asset18,000 ($18,000 – $0) 2009 Current Income Tax Expense31,500 Income Tax Payable ($90,000 X 35%)31,500 PROBLEM 18-12 (Continued) (b)One or more income tax refund receivable accounts totalling $57,500 will be reported under current assets on the balance sheet at December 31, 2007. This type of receivable is usually listed immediately above inventory in the current asset section. This receivable is normally collec ¬tible within two months of filing the amendment to the tax returns reflecting the carryback.A future income tax asset of $18,000 should also be classified as a current asset because the benefits of the loss carryforward are expected to be realized in the year that im mediately follows the loss year, which means the benefits are expected to be realized in 2008. A current future income tax asset is usually listed at or near the end of the list of current assets on the balance sheet. Also, retained earnings is increased by $75,500 ($57,500 + $18,000) as a result of the entries to record the benefits of the loss carryback and the loss carryforward. (c)2007 Income StatementOperating loss before income taxes($210,000) Income tax benefit Current benefit due to loss carryback$57,500 Future benefit due to loss carryforward? 18,000 75,500 Net loss($134,500) (d)2008 Income Statement Income before income taxes$70,000 Income tax expense Current$10,000a Future? 18,000? 28,000 Net income$42,000 a [($70,000 – $45,000) X 40%] PROBLEM 18-12 (Continued) (e)2007 Income Tax Refund Receivable—20047,500 ($25,000 X 30%) Income Tax Refund Receivable—200518,000 ($60,000 X 30%) Income Tax Refund Receivable—200632,000 ?($80,000 X 40%) Current Income Tax Benefit (Due to Loss Carryback)57,500Note:An acceptable alternative is to record only one Income Tax Refund Receivable account for the amount of $57,500. Although the tax benefit is not recognized in the accounts, Mearat Inc. has a tax loss carryforward of $45,000 which should be disclosed. 2008 Current Income Tax Expense10,000 Income Tax Payable? 10,000 [($70,000 – $45,000) X 40%] 2009 Current Income Tax Expense31,500 Income Tax Payable ($90,000 X 35%)31,500 (f)2007: entry for current taxes – no change 2007: if a valuation allowance is used, the full benefit and future tax asset related to the tax loss carryforward is recognized and then offset by the allowance, as follows.Future Income Tax Asset18,000 Future Income Tax Benefit (Due to Loss Carryforward)18,000 ($45,000 X 40% = $18,000) Problem 18-12 (f) (Continued) Future Income Tax Expense18,000 Allowance to Reduce Future Income Tax Asset to Realizable Value)18,000 ($18,000 – $0) 2008: entry for cu rrent taxes – no change 2008: because the tax loss carryforward has now been used, both the amount in the future tax account and in its allowance account must be removed, as follows. Future Income Tax Expense (Due to Use of Loss Carryforward)18,000 Future Income Tax Asset18,000 Allowance to Reduce Future IncomeTax Asset to Realizable Value18,000 Future Income Tax Benefit (from Adjustment of Allowance)18,000 Alternatively, one entry could have been made: Allowance to Reduce Future Income Tax Asset to Realizable Value18,000 Future Income Tax Asset18,000 2009: No change to part (e) entry. (g)2007 Income Statement Operating loss before income taxes($200,000) Income tax benefit Current benefit due to loss carryback? 57,500 Net loss($142,500) 2008 Income Statement Income before income taxes$70,000 Income tax expense – Current a 14,000 Net income$56,000 a [($70,000 – $35,000) X 40%] PROBLEM 18-12 (Continued) h)Using the valuation allowance instead of applying the redu ction in value directly does not have any impact on cash flows. The use of the contra allowance simply permits the recording of the full benefits associated with all future deductible amounts in the asset account. This facilitates tracking for management purposes. It has no use for financial reporting purposes except, perhaps, for the transparency of the information. Readers can see the total possible benefits and the extent to which management has judged they will not be realized. Use of the allowance has no impact on cash flows.

Suicide in the Military Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Suicide in the Military - Research Paper Example Historical army suicide rates Studies show that the rate of suicide in the military is similar to the proportion of suicide in the general population of the US. â€Å"Three percent of the total deaths in the country are caused by suicide† (Lineberry & O’Connor 1). According to the study, more males commit suicide compared to females in the army. â€Å"Above 90 percent suicide cases are caused by men† (Lineberry & O’Connor 1). Before the year 2003, the rate of army suicide was lower, in comparison to 2012 and 2013. This is because of the effects of the Iraq war. In the year 2008, the study results showed that the rate of suicide was 20 in every 100000 army members in the US. In the year 2010, the rate increased to 31 for every 100000members. Causes of the army suicide Researchers have identified various causes of the high rate of suicide in the army. Some of the causes entail the intense military activities, combats, and deployment. The mentioned conditions usually lead to depression or psychological issues. Combat and deployment effects Based on the reports during the military screening, most members of the military undergo psychological torture. Several members become depressed and anxious during the process. As a result, they end up abusing substances in order to relieve the tension. Studies confirm that various psychological disorders such as â€Å"depression and abuse of substance are correlated with the intensity and the amount of combat time† (Lineberry & O’Connor 1). Depression and drug abuse are major factors that cause suicide not only in the military, but also in the general population of the country. Researchers have associated deployment with aggressive behaviors and drug misuse. â€Å"Aggression and impulsivity are among the risk factors of suicide† (Lineberry & O’Connor 1). Due to the recent high occurrence of war, there have been multiple deployments in the US army. This has resulted into ps ychiatric illnesses among the army members, which has in turn increased the suicide rate. Studies confirm that military members with one deployment experience less psychological effects compared to those with more than one deployment. Correlation between suicide and medical care use Studies confirm that the number of army members seeking clinical help due to psychiatric illnesses is positively correlated with the proportion of suicide. For instance, between the year 2003 and 2008, the army members with â€Å"psychiatry illnesses increased from 116 to 216 for every 100000 individuals in the US army† (Lineberry & O’Connor 1). The same study also confirmed that the rate of suicide also increased during that time. The clinical report also showed that most of the â€Å"army members do not use medical services for fear of stigmatization† (Lineberry & O’Connor 1). Several people who test positive for mental disorder in clinics usually experience stigma that is a lso a major cause of suicide. Sleep disturbance Researchers have also identified sleep disturbance as a cause for suicide. Sleep disorders â€Å"cause other mental disorder such as depression and anxiety† which are suicide risk factors (Lineberry & O’Connor 1). Medical experts discovered that â€Å"those diagnosed with insomnia usually attempted suicide after some time† (Lineberry & O’Connor 1). Suicide prevention approaches Various strategies can help in the prevention of suicide among army members. One of

Freedom of Self as mentioned in Quran Term Paper

Freedom of Self as mentioned in Quran - Term Paper Example afs, and within the Quran it has been used 255 times, plus NAFSUN 61 times and in other forms ANFUSKUM 49 times, NAFSENE 40 times and NAFASUN 14 times. The term has several meanings, and often Islamic scholars have argued that it refers to the personality of a person. In addition, other scholars have attributed its meaning to ‘intellect’, ‘knowledge’ and ‘mind’. However, its reference to the ‘self’ is perhaps the intuition behind this paper. The self as perceived in the Quran is free, and freedom is an absolute part of the self, and even though it functions in the realms of nature, its actions moves from its own nature and is not derived through natural causes. Steiner and Michael (147), human beings operations can be intuitively thought of as transcending the laws of materialism. Further, the Quran bequeaths the human self to be free and sense a pointer to the reason which compels the self to act as a moral agent. Functions and responsibilities do not have a meaning for a man if they are entirely determined. If the self were not thought of as free, then it would be mindless to the demands of ‘ought’ and would respond only to the demands of ‘must’, and in a sense the responsibility arises from its sense of freedom: it is capable of leading a moral life only because it is free. This view implies that the self has a real choice of freedom, and has the ability to decide on any of the options that are available to it, and responsibility for its decision rests entirely on it. Obviously, the self does not enjoy absolute and unlimited freedom, as the freedom is controlled within the conditions under which it derives its existence. The self abides under the aforementioned restraints; however, the self flourishes only in the atmosphere of liberty. In a highly controlled society, its realms of activities may be subject to rising decline and such a society discourages every manner of self-expression and discourages liberty. Under such conditions,

Goal of education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Goal of education - Research Paper Example Education begins when a person is born. The initial education in a person’s life is acquired from the mother or the guardian. After which, a person advances to other formal education stages. The steps include preschool, primary, secondary, and higher level education. There are those in the society who benefit from special education such as the mentally handicapped (Arnove, 2007). Apart from the formal methods of education mentioned above, there are other forms that people use to acquire knowledge. Among them are alternative forms, indigenous forms, informal learning and self-directed learning (Schlosser & Simonson, 2010). There are many stakeholders’ to education. There are important roles assigned to each stakeholder in order to attain the goals of education. Among the stakeholders are students, parents or guardians, teachers, government, community, and businesses among others (Whitehead, 1967). The theory stipulates the purposes for the educational persuasion. The theory discusses in depth particular issues such as goals of schools, educational psychology, learning modalities, philosophy and curriculum (Collins,

Personal essay on one thing I would change in the world

Personal on one thing I would change in the world - Essay Example I grew up in a small village, where I saw girls aged five or six, carrying younger siblings, and begging on the streets for food. They were dirty, unkempt and wore clothes that were little more than rags. I wondered, why their parents would not give them enough to eat, till I was told that their parents probably gave them all they had, and went hungry themselves. They lived in hovels, and often while the older children begged, the younger ones were asleep on the roadside probably having exhausted themselves crying. As I grew up, and left the village to pursue my studies in a bigger town, these images stayed with me. However, to my dismay, I found that there were more such beggars there, than I had seen in my village. It struck me then, that I lived in a poor country where poverty was a curse suffered by large numbers of the population. It was at this stage of my life, that I made up my mind to do my bit to ease the pain of these poor, unfortunate people. My parents were happy to see that I felt so much sympathy for those less fortunate than me, and encouraged me to do small things like offering food, sweets or clothes to poor people nearby on my birthday, instead of having a party for my friends. Fortunately, my school too was at the forefront of social work, involving educating those who did not have the means to go to a proper school. We students, were taken to nearby rural areas, to mingle with the villagers and understand their problems. We also sometimes helped the younger children with t heir homework, and encouraged them never to stop their schooling, because many children are forced to stop going to school, and instead help their parents out in small jobs. As I graduated from high school, I realized that the means to end poverty was education. I found that poor children were less healthy, and more prone to disease than their peers in more advantaged homes. Living in unhygienic surroundings, and never having the benefit of being educated in the

Communication Privacy Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communication Privacy Management - Essay Example A friend of a friend of mine, Lisa, told my friend Anne and me that she discovered that her mother, Margie, was having an affair with a school employee, John (unmarried). The names here are all made up for privacy reasons. The news made me significantly uncomfortable because the woman was, in effect, committing bigamy, and I did not want to be a part of it. CPMT helps me understand this life experience and how it should have been resolved. Petronio offers five principles of CPMT, the first is that people think they own and have a right to control their private information. Private information refers to information that a person owns and that he/she feels must be controlled. Disclosure of private information pertains to the expression of private information to third parties. In my experience, Lisa discloses private information that she does not solely own, thereby breaching the privacy of her mother and John. I honestly did not think that these people would like their illicit affair t o be so openly shared in public, even if it was to Lisa’s friends only. Lisa practiced the first principle of privacy, which is that she thought that she owned the private information about her mother’s affair and she could control who should have access to it. The second principle of CPMT is that people control their private information through setting and using personal privacy rules. Personal privacy rules are not always openly discussed and fully agreed upon, however. Lisa said that when she saw her mother being too intimate with John, she confronted her at home. Margie broke down and disclosed private information about her affair, but she made her daughter promise to not tell anyone, especially her father. Lisa was so mad, but Margie said that she was planning to break up with John anyway, so it was better to keep everything quiet. Still, Lisa evidently did not know how to keep things quiet, and she broke her mother’s personal privacy rules. The five factor s of privacy rules can help explain Lisa’s disclosure behavior. First, culture may have something to do with her openness to Anne. They are both Hispanic Americans, which indicate a collectivist culture. Lisa needs emotional and social support that she thinks Anne can provide. Second, Lisa is a woman who wants another woman to listen to her and be her confidant. Gender can make some women be more open to other women with their private information. Third, Lisa has the motivation for disclosure. Her motivations are to get social support and to share her burden with others. Fourth, the context of the situation must truly be affecting Lisa. She must truthfully love her father and mother to try and keep the private information, but she must feel so hurt that she could not wait anymore to disclose the private information to someone close to her. She told Anne: â€Å"Anne, you’re my best friend in the world, and I feel so messed up. I can’t believe my ‘idealâ₠¬  mom would do this to my ‘ideal’ dad. Everything is a lie in my life.† She broke down and cried afterwards. Something so hurtful may compel someone to disclose such private information to others. Fifth, Lisa must have thought that the benefits outweigh the risk, when she made a risk/benefit ratio. The benefits of disclosure of private information are high: 1) reducing stress, 2) sharing emotional burden, and 3) getting social support. The risks are lower

Negotiation and Conflict Week 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Negotiation and Conflict Week 1 - Essay Example The rules and the regulations set by the authorities in the organization have not been accepted by the employees, as a result of which conflict has arisen. Thus, it is required for the teams that work in the organization to discuss with the director of the organization and have a justification of the newly assigned rules and regulations. The employees who worked in a team had disagreed to take the assignments from the manager which initiated the conflict. As the manager is selected by the director to work with the team, it is required for the team to obey the changes made by the manager. The team which worked under the jurisdiction of the organization from the beginning and was working under the manager of the organization had denied working with the manager because of his certain newly enacted strict regulations. The team felt that a few new regulations were unfair to them. However, it can be said that different managers have diverse ways of handling the teams and working for the be tterment of the organization. Thus, it is needed for the team who are working with the managers to know his role and provide their consents to those regulations and ways of his works. It is essential for the team to know the work process of the manager so that it becomes easier for the team to work with. Violating the boundary of the organization or not meeting with the expectations of the organization is also a concern that has arisen from the situation of conflict. The decision earlier taken by the team of not complying with the orders of the manager is needed to be reassessed (McCuddy, 2003). Moreover, it is also required for the team to have a discussion with the manager and communicate with him to know his ideas for obtaining results from the assigned works and to identify and discuss the right ways for reaching the goals. If the expectations are not met by the organization, it is needed to make an assessment of the expectations which are to be made to ensure the efficiency of the organization. If there is any deficiency in the rules and the regulations it should be amended or reallocated and explanation from the higher-level administrators is required to be provided for effective functioning of the organization. The conflict also has arisen due to changes brought in work process and rules. The previous manager had his own rules and schedules of work process which were ultimately changed by the new manger appointed to the organization and assigned to operate the team. The new manager set up his own rules and regulations without informing the team. As a result, the new rules which are set up have been majority of the times disobeyed by the team. The working hours of the organization i.e. the work schedule for the organization had also been changed which has also not been accepted by the teams of the organization. Due to the fact that the new manager is appointed by the organization, it is required for the team to have a discussion about the new work schedu le rather than directly not adhering to the changed work process, which would hamper the working procedure and schedule (Furlong, 2005). Thus, this is the major conflict situation which is required to be amended as it has been creating a significant detrimental effect on the employees’

Cryptographic Failures and Challenges Assignment

Cryptographic Failures and Challenges - Assignment Example The crippling weaknesses discovered in the Taiwanese Citizen Digital Certificate Program spread uncertainty that certifications intended to guarantee cryptographic security used by governments and enemies cannot circumvent other delicate organizations. The scientists revealed what they termed a ‘fatal flaw’ in the hardware random number generator which in normally used to make sure that the numbers that make the raw materials of crypto keys are not based on noticeable patterns. Randomness is considered a fundamental element in ensuring enemies does not hack the cryptographic keys reinforcement in the smartcards provided to the Taiwanese citizens. For the over 2 million 1024-bit RSA keys examined, about 184 keys were developed so defectively, they could be hacked in a few hours by use of known mathematical techniques and standard computers. However, if the keys had been developed right, hacking them so fast would have needed a huge supercomputer. It, therefore, reveals the feebleness of cryptographic protections that millions of individuals increasingly depend on to protect their business-sensitive secrets and most personal secrets. The case is an example of one of the many cases revealing weaknesses in encryptions. In conclusion, cryptography is very vital as it invention was meant on secrecy and, therefore, there should be some ways of ensuring that they uphold their mandate. In addition, since most of the breakings done are usually linked with poor generation of raw materials or codes, persons involved should be kept on their toes so that they ensure to work correctly as

Parenting Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Parenting Today - Essay Example Cognitive-behavioral therapy can help children improve their behavioral problems associated with poverty. Family education and support can help parents of poor children get child development education and use it to improve psychological development of children. If I would have to design an intervention method, I would focus on meeting children’s mental and physical health needs because it would help them become healthy and productive citizens in future. Some key ingredients to effective co-parenting include cooperation with the other parent, being honest to the other parent, showing self accountability, allowing children to benefit from the other parent, and taking mutual decisions is favor of children (Carter, 2009). Family rituals and routines are important because they are related to the well-being of family cultures and make children keep the foundations of their family cultures intact. The family rituals that I remember from my childhood include celebration of birthdays, celebrations of achievements, and respect for elders and

Meaningful Social Studies Essay Example for Free

Meaningful Social Studies Essay The democratic principles and ideals of citizenship reinforces effective social studies. By focusing on rights, responsibilities, and respect, a solid base of social studies knowledge and skills develops civic competence. The foundation of four core disciplines, or strands, from the social sciences are: geography, civics, economics, and history. They are the Louisiana framework for social studies. Each of these disciplines offers a distinct perspective for examining the world. Within these strands, other social sciences, such as anthropology and sociology, are incorporated.  §103. Louisiana Content Standards Foundation Skills The Louisiana Content Standards Task Force has developed the following foundational skills which should apply to all students in all disciplines: Communication, Problem Solving, Resource Access and Utilization, and Linking and Generating Knowledge. Through research, activities, discussions, and real-life experiences, children can and will learn that diversity can be positive and socially enriching. A pluralistic perspective involves students building unbiased, open-minded views towards diversity among their fellow human beings. Teachers of this generation have the combined blessing and challenge of helping students make the most of a world that is rapidly changing. Students must develop the perspective that cultural and philosophical differences are necessary and desirable qualities of a democratic community (NCSS, 1994). I chose the concept of â€Å"Problem Solving† for Grade 6-8th in which I will be teaching in the near future. Problem solving identify an obstacle or challenge and uses the application of knowledge and thinking processes which include reasoning, decision making, and inquiry in order to reach a solution using multiple pathways, even when no routine path is apparent. Bringing students into contact with other people’s various views and conflicting values is very important. In the school and local community, therefore, problem solving/inquiry problems are most often found. Questioning and cooperative learning are two strategies that are frequently used to support meaningful learning. Questioning. This is where all learning begins. The types of questions teachers use guide students’ engagement in the lesson (Harvey Goudvis, 2000). The amount of time a teacher waits between asking questions and calling on students for responses, or responding to answers, affects student responses (Rowe, 1996). On average, teachers wait less than a second before calling on a student or responding to a student’s comment, this has been proven by classroom research. If the teacher wait 3 or more seconds before calling on a student or acknowledging a response, this can increase the length of student responses, the number of appropriate responses, and the cognitive level of the responses. Questions should be planned in advance, relate to the lesson activities, and are written into lesson plans. The Learning cycle lessons begin with questions that all students have a chance to answer. All answers are accepted by the teacher even though some answers may explain more than others. In the class such questions engaged by all of the students. In every learning cycle a central key question is planned for the exploratory phase. In a lesson focusing on the concept of presidential elections, for example, the teacher may ask the key question â€Å"What do you have to do to be elected president?† This is an open question that involves each student in thinking about the main idea of the lesson. Development phase, questions focusing student inquiry on the main concepts, skills, and attitudes of the lesson is done during the lesson. During the lesson development, many questions are narrow or closed. Questions are used to help students apply the concept in a new context, during the expansion phase of the lesson. On open questions, the emphasis is greater although some closed questions may be used. Effects of Emphasizing Student Control What students learn is influenced by how they are taught, the quality of individual and social processes occurring in the classroom, and the perceptions and understanding of social studies as a subject to be taught and learned (NCSS, 1994b). Matching Instructional Strategies to Student Needs One aim of education is to help students be self-directing (NCSS, 1994a, pp. 11–12). The amount of student control during the learning process, is a key factor. The categories, in order from least to greatest student control, are expository, guided discovery, and inquiry and problem solving/decision making. An appropriate instructional strategy is chosen by the teacher that matches the student’s level of social studies content, skill, attitudinal objectives, and developmental needs. These instructional methods are very effective and appropriate in helping students attain a particular level of learning objective. Expository, or Direct, Instructional Methods: Lower Student Control Students are provided with little control over the direction or extent of the learning process using the Expository instructional methods, or direct instruction method. Activity lessons using expository methods include the following characteristics: * The teacher controls the situation, providing adequate directions and motivation. The teacher provides ample opportunities to practice the skill in a wide variety of situations. * The teacher supplies immediate and continuous feedback focusing on correct answers. * The teacher uses lecture and closed, narrow questions to control the learning situation but must provide extensive and adequate directions for the student. Expository Guided Inquiry/Problem Solving Discovery and Decision Making Expository methods require external motivation and careful classroom management. Only lower levels of learning: recall and memorization are produced by these methods. Development of the affective areas of attending and willingness to receive information is facilitated by Expository methods. These methods are occasionally useful in the lesson development phase of the learning cycle in which the teacher explains the key idea of the lesson and the lesson focus involves the need for recall (Rosenshine, 1986). Guided Discovery Instructional Methods: Mixed Teacher and Student Control Students are involved in activities related to a concept and form an understanding of them when using guided discovery instructional methods before they are offered or explained by the teacher. A problem to investigate is created by the teacher and he/or she determines procedures and materials needed, but students collect and analyze data and evaluate the results as they relate to the problem. Guided discovery has four characteristics. 1. Students are provided with the time and opportunity to study relationships in data and form a new idea. 2. Students use several activities focusing on one concept, generalization, value, or skill. 3. Students’ main role is to investigate and discover answers to the questions posed, discussing and displaying data to do so. 4. The teacher provides directions and asks questions that help students begin activities with the learned resources selected. From data students can learn inquiry skills such as inferring, predicting, organizing, interpreting, and draw conclusions. Inquiry and Problem-Solving/Decision-Making Instructional Methods: Greater Student Control Inquiry involving significant student control over the direction the lesson takes, is the third social studies instructional method. The Students create a problem to investigate, determine procedures and materials needed, collect and analyze data, and evaluate results. These lessons have five characteristics: 1. Students are competent in basic social studies inquiry skills. 2. Students select problem areas to investigate. 3. Students work in groups, orally reporting the results of investigations. 4. The teacher guides students in defining the problem to investigate and in helping to identify resources. 5. A safe and supportive classroom environment is maintained. Activities using the Inquiry method are intrinsically motivating because students direct their own learning. A first-grader even is likely to use higher thought processes during an inquiry. For example, a young student’s social studies project could involve making a drawing showing where items in her personal materials basket (scissors, glue stick, crayons, etc.) should be placed. After the student lists three or more problems with the basket, such as the glue stick always falling over, the drawing is made. This allows the student to ask questions, communicate information, make inferences, and build prediction. Facts may form the basic content of the narrative, when writing stories about the experience, but students also often make inferences and construct generalizations. In inquiry and problem-solving/decision-making method activities, students are involved in practicing the full range of inquiry skills. Key social studies ideas and skills are carefully selected and is needed because inquiry methods reduce the amount of material covered to a greater extent than other instructional methods. Meaningful learning of generalizations and higher-order inquiry skills, as well as improved long-term memory and transfer of learning, occurs. Problem solving and decision making is what inquiry focuses on mainly. Students plan how they can participate and work together (Dunfee Sagl, 1967; Meyerson Secules, 2001). Conclusion By building on a core of effective practices in teaching and by designing activities and lessons with learning objectives in place, teachers encourage students to use their strengths and to respond successfully to challenges. They support students as active learners in meaningful activities. Focusing on helping young students identify multiple perspectives on issues and problems is a major learning outcome related to global issues. So also is discussing what are good and positive actions, moral positions, and appropriate behaviors. References Research Evaluation Strategies for Early Childhood Education. Research In Early Childhood Education in Handbook Research on the Education of Younger Children. Springer (2007). Retrieved from http://ww.library.gcu.edu.2048/login?qurl.http$3A2F%2F% www.credoreference.com/entry/sprihsei/table_of_contents. Social Studies Content Standards – Division of Adminstration www.doc.louisiana.gov/osr/28v121/28v121.pdf Sunal-Szymanski, C. Haas, M.E. Social Studies for the Elementary Middle Grades: A Constructive Approach, (4th Ed.). Published by Allyn Bacon copyright (2011) by Pearson Education, Inc. The Evolving Role of Teachers In Effective Schools in Springer International Handbooks of Education: International Handbooks of School Effectiveness and Improvement.

The lives of Muslims living in a British, non-Muslim culture Essay Example for Free

The lives of Muslims living in a British, non-Muslim culture Essay This essay will be looking at the Shariah and how it is applied and how it affects the lives of Muslims living in a British, non-Muslim culture. In Islam Shariah is the name for the Islamic law, which applies to all aspects of the life of a Muslim. The Shariah includes all aspects of life from the daily activities, worship, criminal law and everything else. It is compulsory by every Muslim and by all Muslim nations to put into practice the Islamic Shariah and make it the source of all law and legislation. In Arabic, Shariah means the clear, well-trodden path to water. (www.bbc.co.uk). In Islam is it used to refer to the matters of religion that Allah has passed down for His servants, water is vital to all human life so the clarity and uprightness of Shariah is the means of life for the soul and the mind. (www.ourisalmonline.com) Over one and half million people living in Britain are Muslims. The Muslim community in Britain is mostly Asian, people who have immigrated are from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and East Africa; also there is a minority of Muslims from Cyprus, Turkey, the Middle East (Saudi Arabia), Africa, Malaysia and Indonesia who are also permanently settled here in Britain for employment and business. Psychologically a person would judge her/himself by her/his ideals whereas one tends to judge others by their practices and this is also true of interaction between cultural groups. Muslims living in Britain, for example would judge the majority group, the British as a homogeneous group referring to it as the other. This emphasises the characteristics and behaviour, which are most different from their own, they will tend to judge more in their view of the Islamic ideal. It is the same for the British who will judge the characteristics of Muslims in view of their own ideal based upon a conception of what is typically British. (Roald 2001, 119) The family is the central to the whole scheme of social life as seen by Islam; therefore it must be preserved and strengthened at all costs. This concern is due to a number of laws laid down by Islam, for example like those regarding the relationship between the sexes and their intermingling, punishments for extra-marital sex, dress and many other related things. Unlike the structure of English families, the family structure of the Muslim family is very different, it includes well defined rights and obligations and the Muslim parents are enjoined in the Quran to meet their family obligations with kindness and justice. The Quran asks the children to love and respect their parents; mothers in particular as the most worthy of respect, help and love. Due to this particular nature of Islam as a total way of life and the role of the family life, the younger generation of Muslims in Britain are often in a state of confusion and conflict in meeting the religious and the family duty on one hand and on the other trying to gain total acceptance within the English communities in which they study, work in which they are surrounded in. Some British cultures believe that Islam is a new religion brought by Prophet Muhammad (blessings of Allah and peace be upon him). They say that He was the Founder of Islam and that at times it is referred to as Mohammadanism. Islam stresses upon the fact that it is not a new religion and that Prophet Muhammad (blessings of Allah and peace be upon him) did not bring a new faith. Islam says that he was the last of the Prophets, which included Abraham, Moses and Jesus and that He only renewed what they had preached. He cannot be called the Founder of Islam and Islam can defiantly not be called Mohammadanism. (Al-Attas 1978, 21) Islamic life is based on two foundations, which is belief and action. The fundamental beliefs that Islam teaches are the belief in One God (Allah), in all the Prophets of Allah last of all was Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the belief in the Quran; and in the Day of Resurrection, the Day of Judgement and the life after death. Muslims also must believe in the angels, as the servants of Allah who bring His message to the Prophets and obey and implement His commands. Belief in the Oneness of Allah is the foundation of Islam; Allah is One, Unique, the All Powerful, the Sustainer and Nourisher of the entire world; in Whose hands are the life and death of all creatures. Every Muslim is required as an important part of his faith is to believe and respect all the Prophets of Allah. Denial of one is the denial of all. Islam is based on five pillars; these are the basic and formal structure of worship, which enables a Muslim to transform his entire life into an act of worship. The first pillar is the declaration of faith, which is known as the Shahadah, the second pillar is prayer, to pray five times a day (this is known as Salah). The third pillar is the welfare due to the needy (Zakah), the fourth is to fast during the month of Ramadan (Sawm) and the final pillar is to go at least once in a life time on the pilgrimage to Makka (Hajj) if one can afford to and is fit in health wise. (Basic Principals of Islam, 5) The Shariah is in the Holy Quran and the life example of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is embodied in the Sunnah and this is where the law is revealed by Allah for the Muslims. The Islamic Law is not made by Muslims. The law is interpreted by Muslim scholars but once it is derived from the Quran or the Sunnah it can never not even by a simple comma be changed. The Western mass media have tended to present a distorted and biased view of the Islamic Law and have associated it with the particular Muslim countries in relation to singular dramatic events such as the event on September 11th. The Shariah is explained in K.J. Murads article the Shariah is not merely a collection of dos and donts, or just a set of criminal laws prescribing punishments for certain crimes. The Shariah literally means a clear path. It is the path that man, in Islam must walk as he toils and strives to reach his Creator. It is the yearning deep within to seek the Lord and the Master that the Shariah translates into steps, concrete and measured, on the pathways of life. The Shariah is the fulfilment of the total man inner and outer, individual and corporate as he strives to live by the will of his One and only God. (Ahsan and McDermott 1993, p29). The Shariah consists of things which are expressly prohibited (haram) for example eating any food derived from the pig, consuming alcohol, gambling, interest and adultery are specifically forbidden. There are certain Muslim practices in which people who are involved in various relationships with Muslims require a certain amount of information. These are related to various aspects such food, dress, sex, marriage, family, public worship etc. It is necessary not only to have the full information on the Islamic Law but the relations and attitudes on these matters. It is also vital to understand and respect the norms and values which belong to a culture different from the Western but in no way less civilised or inferior. Islam develops a framework of life where this world and the other world are fused together and has joined it into a whole. This world, this place is not something to be run away from, there is only a very short stay here for where the human beings placed on this earth are being examined, tested, purified and developed by the Almighty Allah. Man must stay within his or her limits and is allowed to use all the good things which are available on this earth. Nothing created can be made unlawful without authority from the Creator, there can be no ignorance, superstition, traditions and customs. In the British culture ignorance and superstition has increased a lot. There is ignorance between friends, families, business companies over authority, hierarchical needs. There is ignorance between friends over clothes, money, and fashion tastes and if they belong and are member of a social group. Various forms of supersitiions have embedded in peoples minds over time in Britain for example if you break a mirror you will have bad luck for seven years, walking underneath a ladder brings a person bad luck, Friday the 13th etc. Traditions and customs are more compulsory in the Asian community especially in places such as Pakistan but they still remain in the British culture but it is not as strong. Traditions and customs of a Pakistani family based in Pakistan tend to have more arranged marriages and allow their child only to get married to someone whom is of the same language and background. Whereas now in Britain it has become common for Muslims from different countries and backgrounds to get married and it is more of a free choice. Islam also urges that the needs and the desires of the body are not caused by evil within the person. All of them which is food, drink, sleep and sex should be satisfied only within the limitations set by Allah, once they are satisfied in violation of the limits set by the Almighty do they then become evil. (Lewis 1994, 111) According to Islam all foods are lawful and consumable unless it is stated in the Quran or the Sunnah otherwise. All varieties of fish and all kinds of vegetables are allowed in Islam, it is only the variety of meat, which Islam discriminates between certain animals. Pig in all forms and carnivorous animals whether slaughtered ritually or not is specifically forbidden. According to the Islamic law, the animal should be killed in such a way that blood flows out, usually by a very sharp knife penetrating the inner part of the animals neck and the name of Allah should be said upon it while it is being killed. Muslim communities in Britain has set up their own system of supplying halaal meat through shops run by Muslims. Nowadays supermarkets such as Safeways also supply halaal meat. The Kosher meat of the Jews is can also be eaten by Muslims, as the Jewish religion slaughter their animals in a very similar way also mentioning the name of God over them. Other foods sold in supermarkets which is either prepared or unprepared, Muslims need to read the list of ingredients very carefully whenever he or she intend to buy any food. The main problem in Britain unfortunately is giving the information about the ingredients in certain products as it is not legally binding. (www.youngmuslims.ca) In Islam it does not mention at all in the Quran or the Hadith of which dress a Muslim male or a Muslim female should wear. It has given broad outlines to all Muslims that they should cover their bodies properly and with decency.the minimum part of the body that should be covered by the man is from his navel to his knees and for a woman, she should be covered from head to toe leaving only the face and the hands. The main problem in the British culture between Muslims and non-Muslims is the competition between each other in fashion and taste to impress the opposite sex. Non-Muslims would and are able to go to extreme measures especially the female sex to make themselves more attractive by wearing fitted and revealing outfits. This has an influence on the Muslim females as they are in conflict in meeting religious obligations on one hand and gaining total acceptance with the host community. It has been realised that there is a Muslim Community in Britain, which believes in Islam. The Muslim child in Britain is likely to speak his native language (Urdu, Pashto, Bengali, Punjabi or Gujarati in most cases) at home, Arabic in prayers and English at school. In spiritual, religious and educational matters the Islamic religion gives man and woman equal rights making no differentiation between their opportunities in education and learning. The Prophet Muhammad (May Allah bring peace upon him) said Pursuit of learning is a duty for every Muslim man and women without distinction between, since learning is venerated in Islam and its pursuit obligatory. (Islamic Education and Single Sex Schools 1975, p12). Although Islam allows the equal rights to men and women but these rights are not necessarily those which will help them to follow the same roles and fulfil the same functions as society. The Holy Quran emphasises the womanly duties set upon them such the role of a wife and the motherly role. It is a lot of responsibility and it takes up a lot of the time of the women. In the hands of the women is the care of her familys social, religious and moral welfare whereas the male of the house, expectations from him are the fatherly roles and to be a husband, and also he is expected to accept the responsibility for providing the means by which the family may survive. According to Islam, there is a specific sex individuality in man and woman which they must preserve and cherish because it is this individuality which gives them honour and dignity and enables them to fulfil in an effective manner their specific role in society. In the Hadith it clearly shows that the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) strongly disapproved of either sex imitating the behaviour of the other n their dress and manners. (Islamic Education and Single Sex Schools 1975, p13). Sex relationships outside marriage are clearly forbidden; an even intimate or sensual conversation between members of the opposite sex is disapproved of. This leads on to the point which is causing great concern to many Muslim parents in Britain today. These fears are similar to many of the Christian parents whom have gone through and still also do, in the face of growing permissiveness within this society. Some Muslim parents have even been prepared to keep their daughters at home in order to avoid conflict between the religious methods which confronts them when they reach secondary school age. The girls are not allowed to enter the free society of males other than close relations. This means that no Muslim girl ought to go a mixed secondary school. Also it must not be forgotten that a young unmarried Muslim male also needs a great deal of guidance. In the Times Educational Supplement there was an article saying that in and out of school life teenage girls were subjected to strong sexual pressures of various kinds. There is a constant drive towards early dating, their contemporaries expect it, commercial world exploits it. For many girls the single sex school was almost the only place where they could value others and be valued by them as persons with social intellectual and temperamental qualities to be enjoyed and fulfilled quite apart from the accident of sex'. (Islamic Education and Single Sex Schools 1975, p17). A Muslim child faces a very distressing conflict situation with respect to the many and varied roles he is required to play. For a Muslim child, the parents, with their Islamic, ethnic and village background; the family, the peer group within and outside the home, the mass media, the school environment, the teacher, the text book and society in general all combine together to put upon him very confusing and conflicting demands. What the child needs is a very high degree of sympathy and understanding from his home and his school. Given moral support from the family, guidance from the mosque and religious tolerance and respect from teachers and community workers, the young Muslim can learn to fulfil the rights and obligations upon him or her within the British society. In modern times, forces such as Western-style nationalism, tribalism and linguistic affinities, as well as the different ways in which various parts of the Islamic world have experienced the modern world and such forces as colonialism, secular nationalism, racialism and Western lay humanism have caused a significant variation in the manner and degree of attachment of many Muslims to Islam. (Nasr 1997, p78). There are Muslims in this world who never miss their daily prayers and live as much as they can by the Shariah, who consider their manner and attitude of following Islam to be the only manner. Yet again in contrast in the modern world there are also others who do not follow by the laws and still consider themselves as being defiantly Muslims. Also there are even who do not do anything specifically Islamic yet call themselves Muslims and would protest if called anything else. (Eaton 1997, 89), (www.usc.edu) Referencing Ahsan, M McDermott, M (1980) The Muslim Guide The Islamic Foundations Al-Attas, S (1978) Islam and Secularisation, Suhail Academy Lahore Pakistan Basic Principals of Islam, Albirr Foundations U.K. Eaton, G (1997) Islam and the Destiny of Man, The Islamic Text Society Islamic Education and Single Sex Schools Lewis, P (1994) Islamic Britain, I.B. Tauris Nasar, S (1987) Traditional Islam un the Modern World, Suhail Academy Lahore Pakistan Roald, A (2001) Women in Islam, London and New York www.bbc.co.uk www.usc.edu www.ourisalmonline.com)

Roy Bhaskars Theory of Critical Realism

Roy Bhaskars Theory of Critical Realism How to Change Reality: Story vs. Structure Debate between Rom Harre and Roy Bhaskar Roy Bhaskar (15 May 1944 19 November 2014) was a British philosopher, renowned as the initiator of the philosophical movement of Critical Realism. He was a World Scholar at the Institute of Education, University College London. Critical Realism (CR) is an integrative metatheory founded in the 1970s by Roy Bhaskar with the publication of seminal works in the philosophy of science and social science, such as A Realist Theory of Science, The Plausibility of Naturalism, and Scientific Realism and Human Emancipation. Bhaskars consideration of the philosophies of science and social science resulted in the development of Critical Realism. The term Critical Realism was not initially used by Bhaskar. The philosophy began life as what Bhaskar called Transcendental Realism in A Realist Theory of Science (1975), which he extended into the social sciences as Critical Naturalism in The Possibility of Naturalism (1978). The term Critical Realism is an elision of Transcendental Realism and Critical Naturalism, that has been subsequently accepted by Bhaskar after being proposed by others, partly because of its appropriate connotations; Critical Realism shares certain dimensions with German Critical Theory. In this essay Roy Bhaskar distinguish post modernism, social constructionism, Critical Realism and Dialectical Critical Realism. He has discussed Rom and Charlies point of view on Social Constructionism and Critical Realism in a dialectical context. The first thing Bhaskar discussed, is how Rom and Charlie defended post modernization and social constructionism. Further, Bhaskar gave a dialectical context on Roms work, stating that his all works ends in some kind of reductionism, but before giving dialect on Roms point. Bhaskar gives a prolonged explanation to postmodernists saying that reality is a social construct. Bhaskar started elucidating postmodernism. According to Bhaskar, Reality is a construct of discourse, the text, the conversation, or if you like, people or even power relations. Bhaskar further criticized Roms dual aspect philosophy of social reality. In which he stated how Rom gives two different statements in different modes. According to Bhaskar, when Rom is in Vygotskian mode he says that social reality is a construct of conversation. That is because Roms ideas are closest as to Lev Vygotsky. Bhaskar further added that when Rom is in humanist mode, he says it is a construct of people. Both postmodernist and Rom a greed that social reality is conceptual, to which Bhaskar also agreed and proclaimed further that is it not exhaustive of anything, whether its people, powerful particulars, discourse or text. According to Bhaskar, interesting thing about dialectical critical realism is that it takes the dialectic a stage further. Bhaskars dialectical critical realism rejects any sort of reductionism. He asserted that there is no equation between social and the conceptual or social and the humans. He then gave prolonged description about conceptual moment in human life. He then discussed the connection to human freedom and they have a dialectical universalisabilty of forming a judgement. According to Bhaskar, humans have a vision of good society in which the free development of one is the condition for free development of all, by this statement free development (- -), he is asserting that human wants a classless society, the free development of each, the individual liberty and freedom to work of each individual allows for the building of a better society. He further asserted that being humans, we are more concerned about the factors that affects our freedom and we should get rid of those factors such as Nazism (The ideology and practice of the Nazis, especially the policy of racist nationalism, national expansion, and state control of the economy), bureaucracy and capitalism. He said that we should rescue our situation by considering our being and existence in a more serious manner and it is because we want to save the situation and have to take ontological (nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations) question significantly of whether structures, whether unconscious or social, are real. Bhaskar describes from a critical realist standpoint that how postmodernist deny existence of direct object to being. Bhaskar asserted that postmodernist normally says that they are not denying that things exist but they merely assert and says that they cant say anything about these things. But Critical Realism has shown philosophical position, or scientific position, or social position, all require a certain general shape of the world. He added that if we are restricted human knowledge to that which can be perceived by the senses, we will believe that social forms and social structures are immutable but if we are like Habermas (German sociologist and philosopher in the tradition of critical theory and pragmatism.) in his account of nature that we will set up false resistance between nature and society. Bhaskar asserted nature is a very special thing, which is not governed by laws, mechanism or structures and he agreed with Roms words on nature that we are free to reinvent it very mo rning.Bhaskar added that Rom and Charles are not postmodernist; they do not believe reality, as such, is a social construct. But in their Social Constructivism , their views on social existence reduces to conversation or people. They have given example that one thing can be dependent on multiple factors i.e. Does the food depend just on cook? No. It depends on various factors like utensils, ingredients, resources that he/she is given by the authorities, to which Bhaskar added that the cook must have made more tastier food if there would have been more budget. Here, Bhaskar wanted to prove a point that we are constrained by various factor and we can do better without constraints. Bhaskar then dialect Rom and Charles idea of reinventing society. He criticized that why Rom and Charles do not reinvent a better kind of society if its so easy? He then further explained with an example of Oxford College, that how fellows can decide how much wine they can drink and how much to store for the next year. By this he means how fellows can change rules time to time. But then an Oxford college is subject to government finance, if privately endowed, to stock market fluctuations. By this example Bhaskar describes how things can be controlled using constraints and how things would act as a very powerful constraint. Bhaskar further explains social structure and causal powers. He explains how agent, factor or vehicle, anything that influences the course of events in some way, is the criteria for causality. He added the people are very special but what people can do in a particular social context must be examined scientifically. He says we should accept the constraining structures if we want human freedom and we should not deny it. To this, Bhaskar dialect Roms statement that social structures cannot be reproduced except by human activity. He further asserted what Rom has said is a fundamental principal and is common to both his(Bhaskars) transformational model of social activity and Giddens theory of structuration. But there is an important difference between the two models in morality of which cannot be equated, which Maggie Archer in particular has pointed out. Bhaskar, regarding his transformational model asserts how we, humans are shackled of doing anything new and are beset by the preexistin g structures, that restrain us. He asserted that fundamental Aristotelian model of society is correct. Efficient causality presupposes material causality; it presupposes a pre-existing material cause. And how we are heavily burdened by cruel presence of the past in this social world. He then talks about the one which validates Rom and Charless model, is, the birth of a baby, coming out of the womb, but that too, pre-existing life in the womb and out of the womb as well, pre-exiting thing are ready, fixed, pre-given. Bhaskars statement that at any moment of time we are heavily constrained by preexisting structures is a right theory From Bhaskars point of view, Charles account of relationship between people and organism lacks the concept of emergence. He stated, people are organism, but there is one thing that differentiate people from being an organism only, emergent powers. In Bhaskars word People are organism, but they are organism with emergent powers. He added that our society too, have emergent powers of human behavior to understand the society better but then everything eventually ends up with his former notion, everything is pre-existing human behavior. In this para, Bhaskar explains how humans are emergent from the animal world and human power are the ingredients in the animal world, thats what make us human, thats why we are humans. Bhaskar describes that there is a plausibility of good society, we have to strive and fight for making one. Bhaskar concluded that they might come to agree upon in terms of substantive proposals. But Rom and Charlie thinks that we have already achieved social construct but they do not know how we did it. Whereas Bhaskar thinks that there is a lot more hard work to do. And it is something humanity may or may not obtain contingently. But it is there as a task and moral imperative.

Phantom of the Opera Essay -- essays research papers

Phantom of the Opera   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the novel, Phantom of the Opera, by Gaston Leroux, we are introduced to a character known to everyone as the mysterious Opera Ghost. His character in this book is very complex. Although the Opera Ghost is very ugly physically and mentally, through his actions, we can find much beauty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the masked ball we are given, what the reader believes at the time, a very good physical description of the Opera Ghost. At the masked ball the Opera Ghost does a perfect job imitating death. â€Å"The Grim Reaper himself must have posed for it,† the on looking crowd would comment. But the hideous thing that he wears upon his head is, in fact, only a mask. What he hides underneath the mask is more wretched than anything imaginable to men. The Opera Ghost was, â€Å"Made up entirely of death,†(138). He was so disgustingly ugly that, â€Å"his mother would never let him kiss her, she would throw his mask at him and run away,†(263). Poor Erik’s life knows nothing but ugliness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We see more of the Opera Ghost’s ugliness when we read of the Persians description of the Opera Ghost’s love of torture. Before the Opera, Erik designs torture chambers for a little sultana in Persia. His design was just a small room with six walls, with each wall being a mirror. There is also a tree with a Punjab Lasso. The Opera Ghost’s idea of torture was not so much physical pain, but a tortur...

Visuality, Readability, and Materiality :: Visual Rhetoric Essays

My intention here is to acknowledge two problems that I believe all scholars of "the visible" will encounter at some point in their work. Both showed up early in my research on commemorative artworks, but I suspect that they crash everyone's party at some point. I have no "solution" to these problems, but I believe they should, actually must, be addressed in work on visual rhetoric. The first, "readability," is both a practical and theoretical problem having to do with the possibilities of interpretation in visual culture. The second, which I'll simply label "materiality" for the moment, has a presence in numerous arenas beyond the study of visual culture, but remains nearly unaddressed and nearly unacknowledged in rhetorical work on visual images. The first party crasher, "readability," probably makes its presence felt in all of our venues at least occasionally, but it haunts our work all the time. At the simplest and most practical level, readability is a hermeneutic problem. But it is a special problem of interpretation, not just the "same old" questions that come up in any work involving the production of signs and meaning. We try very hard to reduce the special problem to the same old problems, as evidenced by terms like visual, media, and computer "literacy." The question is this: What makes us so confident that our "readings" of visual signs are legitimate or defensible? Okay, that does sound a whole lot like the "same old" hermeneutic questions, but I don't believe it is the same in the case of visual rhetoric as in spoken or written discourse. Or at least, it doesn't seem the same, given the degree of skepticism registered by readers and students about interpretations of visual signs. Leaving aside for a moment the pos sibility that my interpretations just aren't very good and that that's what's provoking this response, our own colleagues and my students seem to pose far more and greater challenges to such interpretations than they do to those of a speech or a written document. For them, apparently, even in the wake of deconstruction, natural language seems safer, easier, and more stable in its capacity of meaning generation than does the visual image. I wonder why that is the case, and particularly so in a culture in which "seeing is believing" and a "picture is worth a thousand words." It is possible, of course, that this is an idiosyncratic problem, but I doubt it.

Treatment Options for an Incurable Disorder Essay -- Health, Diseases,

Millions of people around the world suffer from incurable diseases and disorders. Everyday brings a new challenge, a new obstacle to overcome as they search in vain for a way to ease the pain brought upon them by the disease or disorder they carry. Autism is one of the many mental disorders that plagues the planet. Autism is defined as, â€Å"A set of symptoms that include limited social abilities and highly patterned behavior† (â€Å"Autism† 1), and though many treatments are available world wide, as of now, there is no cure. This mental disorder is growing rapidly. In fact it is growing so quickly that now every 1 in 110 children is diagnosed with autism and there is a new case diagnosed every twenty minutes. The scariest statistic to date states that this year more children will be diagnosed with autism than AIDS, cancer, and diabetes combined (â€Å"Autism Support† par. 4).Due to this developmental disability’s rampant increase, parents are desperate t o discover a treatment that will help their children. Treatment options for autism are growing rapidly, however only a few handfuls prove reliable and affective. Autism is not one clear cut disorder. Cases of autism range in levels of severity. The autism spectrum defines the different intensities of autism, ranging from Asperger syndrome to childhood disintegrative disorder, also known as CDD (â€Å"Autism† 1). Symptoms defining the autism spectrum include, â€Å"difficulty maintaining eye contact or looking directly at objects of interest; repetition of sounds or physical motions; difficulty adapting to changes in environment or schedule; and inability to understand and participated in â€Å"make believe† scenarios† (â€Å"Autism† 1-2). However, before the autism spectrum came about, the disorder itself had ... ...the world moves forward to discover new technologies and advances in medicine, new autism treatments are being revealed as well. Unfortunately not all of these treatments are considered effective and or respectable. Autism Speaks Incorporated and the National Autism Center are two of the most respectable sources for families who have children with autism to search for possible treatment options suitable for their children. Both these organizations list applied behavioral analysis one of the most successful treatment options. Shock therapy (a therapy not included in either Autism Speaks Incorporated or the National Autism Center) is a highly debated treatment due to ethical reasons. Autism affects more people every year. For now, there is no cure for autism but if families choose the correct treatment method for their children, the symptoms can be greatly reduced.

Initial Public Offering (Ipo) Process

II. Initial Public Offering (IPO) process 1. Procedure The company which is going to issue shares to the publics holds an organizational meeting to reach an agreement in final decision of purpose, size of offering, number and type of shares authorized, also the agreements with company and principal shareholders. Generally, IPO involves one or more investment banks as â€Å"underwriters†. The role of underwriters is very important. They are intermediaries between an issuer of a security and the investing public. There are many forms of underwriting. However, in Vietnam, firm commitment contract and bought deal are popularly used. In these contracts, the underwriters guarantee for all the shares of the organization. The underwriters will buy all the number of shares or the remaining shares after the issuing period. 2. Auction In order to do the auction, the firm must determine the value of new securities, which is based on performance and potentiality assessment from sponsoring organizations, audit firms and consulting organizations to give the most suitable initial price. There are many methods to determine the initial price such as asset accumulation, market value†¦ however DCF( discounted cash flow) and P/E (price earning) are usually used in Vietnam. Both two methods have advantages and disadvantages, so the issuers usually take the average result of two methods to get the highest benefit. After defining the stock price, the company publicizes business’s operation information before the auction session at least 20 days. Investors’ voting by person attendance forms can be received directly by the firm (if the auction held at the enterprise) or intermediary financial institutions (in case of auction in intermediary financial institutions) or the Securities Trading Center / municipal securities transactions and specified agents, voting by mail conforms the auction organizer regulations. The third step is carrying out the auction and determining the results. The organization proceeds auction bills and enter these information into auction software. Then the purchase price is determined basing on the highest to lowest price until reaching the number of shares offered for sale. The number of shares investors can buy in case of equal rate but remaining fewer shares than required is calculated as the following formula: The number of shares nvestors can buy = remaining shares * (number of shares each investor subscribed/ total number of shares registered) After that, reports need to be prepared and send to related parties. The last action is announcing and charging share price. Lastly, the remained shares from the auction are sold to the investors with the agreement of price no less than average auction price (if remained shares are less than 30% of total shares offered) or o be auctioned he second time with a condition that the starting price is not less than the lowest a uction price (if remained shares are more than 30% of total shares offered).

Genetics Worksheet

Genetic Worksheet Misanna Gordon SCI 230 December 02, 2012 Mitzie Sowell familiar spirit curriculum Material Genetics Worksheet critique the images infra and answer the follow-up questions. recognise potent ab radiation pattern with cystic fibrosis superior(predicate) young-begetting(prenominal) feminine affect with cystic fibrosis unswayed(p) egg-producing(prenominal) multiplication I II tierce IV V melodic line wake heritage of cystic fibrosis A chance on Male affected with cystic fibrosis Unaffected manful fe masculine affected with cystic fibrosis unmoved(p) egg-producing(prenominal) Gene dimensionn I II troika IV V teleph peerless line present inheritance of cystic fibrosis A Questions . consort to the argumentation, is cystic fibrosis ancestral as a superior or as a recessionary allele distinction tell apart mannish with Huntingtons unhealthiness unswayed virile womanish with Huntingtons unsoundness untouched feminine generation I II tr ine IV V gunstock present hereditary pattern of Huntingtons affection Key masculine with Huntingtons disorder untouched virile female with Huntingtons affection unaffected female multiplication I II III IV V demarcation showing Inheritance of Huntingtons illness ? formulate how you made your conclusion development proof from the pedigree and the principles of heritables.cystic Fibrosis is considered to be a recessionary trait. If a individual has nevertheless virtuoso of the cystic Fibrosis gene and whizz of the non-Cystic Fibrosis genes, the per news could be a carrier wave of the Cystic fibrosis gene without having the Cystic Fibrosis sickness. Referring prickle to the mentioning of Mendel, which states that the traits whitethorn not show up in a person merely tranquillise set up be passed grim to the other(a) generation. Mendel also mentioned that the inheritance of from apiece one of the trait can be inflexible by the genes that can pass mess u nchanged.Therefore if the Cystic Fibrosis gene is not present, it can capture present dependent on the ratio of the amount of genes when it passes down. 2. What would a Punnett self-coloured that shows how the son in generation IV (marked with an A) transmitted cystic fibrosis look manage? Aa A AA A a a Aa aa Key male with Huntingtons affection unaffected male female with Huntingtons disorder unaffected female contemporaries I II III IV V Pedigree showing inheritance of Huntingtons affection Key male with Huntingtons disorder unaffected male emale with Huntingtons malady unaffected female Generation I II III IV V Pedigree showing inheritance of Huntingtons disease B B Questions 1. harmonize to the pedigree, is Huntingtons disease inherited as a dominant or as a recessive traitKey male with Huntingtons disorder unaffected male female with Huntingtons Disease unaffected female Generation I II III IV V Pedigree showing Inheritance of Huntingtons Disease Key male with Hunting tons Disease unaffected male female with Huntingtons Disease unaffected female Generation I II III IV VPedigree showing Inheritance of Huntingtons Disease ? relieve how you made your conclusion use point from the pedigree and the principles of genetics. According to the pedigree, it is my feeling that the Huntingtons disease is a recessive trait. My drive for the belief is that one of the family members at the extraction of the pedigree was affected by the disease. overly in the third generation, at that place was no family members affected as well. If the trait was dominant, more family members in the earlier stages of the pedigree would subscribe to been affected. 2.What would a Punnett square that shows how the first-year little girl in generation II (marked with a B) did not inherit Huntingtons disease look like? Bb Bbb 3. What is the office of chromosomes in the inheritance of genetic traits, such(prenominal) a cystic fibrosis and Huntingtons disease? The genetic t raits are carried by the chromosomes. inwardly the normal cell, the chromosomes each have deuce move which is the chromatids. There is also a generative cell which is made with the subprogram called meiosis. The meiosis has only one chromatid for each of the chromosomes.Genetics WorksheetGenetic Worksheet Misanna Gordon SCI 230 December 02, 2012 Mitzie Sowell Associate Program Material Genetics Worksheet Review the images below and answer the follow-up questions. Key Male affected with cystic fibrosis Unaffected male female affected with cystic fibrosis unaffected female Generation I II III IV V Pedigree showing inheritance of cystic fibrosis A Key Male affected with cystic fibrosis Unaffected male female affected with cystic fibrosis unaffected female Generation I II III IV V Pedigree showing inheritance of cystic fibrosis A Questions . According to the pedigree, is cystic fibrosis inherited as a dominant or as a recessive traitKey male with Huntingtons Disease unaffected male female with Huntingtons Disease unaffected female Generation I II III IV V Pedigree showing Inheritance of Huntingtons Disease Key male with Huntingtons Disease unaffected male female with Huntingtons Disease unaffected female Generation I II III IV V Pedigree showing Inheritance of Huntingtons Disease ? Explain how you made your conclusion using evidence from the pedigree and the principles of genetics.Cystic Fibrosis is considered to be a recessive trait. If a person has only one of the Cystic Fibrosis gene and one of the non-Cystic Fibrosis genes, the person could be a carrier of the Cystic fibrosis gene without having the Cystic Fibrosis disease. Referring back to the mentioning of Mendel, which states that the traits may not show up in a person but still can be passed down to the other generation. Mendel also mentioned that the inheritance of each of the trait can be determined by the genes that can pass down unchanged.Therefore if the Cystic Fibrosis gene is not present, it c an become present dependent on the ratio of the amount of genes when it passes down. 2. What would a Punnett square that shows how the son in generation IV (marked with an A) inherited cystic fibrosis look like? Aa A AA A a a Aa aa Key male with Huntingtons disease unaffected male female with Huntingtons disease unaffected female Generation I II III IV V Pedigree showing inheritance of Huntingtons disease Key male with Huntingtons disease unaffected male emale with Huntingtons disease unaffected female Generation I II III IV V Pedigree showing inheritance of Huntingtons disease B B Questions 1. According to the pedigree, is Huntingtons disease inherited as a dominant or as a recessive traitKey male with Huntingtons Disease unaffected male female with Huntingtons Disease unaffected female Generation I II III IV V Pedigree showing Inheritance of Huntingtons Disease Key male with Huntingtons Disease unaffected male female with Huntingtons Disease unaffected female Generation I II III I V VPedigree showing Inheritance of Huntingtons Disease ? Explain how you made your conclusion using evidence from the pedigree and the principles of genetics. According to the pedigree, it is my belief that the Huntingtons disease is a recessive trait. My reason for the belief is that one of the family members at the beginning of the pedigree was affected by the disease. Also in the third generation, there was no family members affected as well. If the trait was dominant, more family members in the earlier stages of the pedigree would have been affected. 2.What would a Punnett square that shows how the first daughter in generation II (marked with a B) did not inherit Huntingtons disease look like? Bb Bbb 3. What is the role of chromosomes in the inheritance of genetic traits, such a cystic fibrosis and Huntingtons disease? The genetic traits are carried by the chromosomes. Within the normal cell, the chromosomes each have two parts which is the chromatids. There is also a reproducti ve cell which is made through the process called meiosis. The meiosis has only one chromatid for each of the chromosomes.

Deception Point Page 87

â€Å"Anything?† Rachel asked.The pilot let the arm make several complete rotations. He adjusted some controls and watched. It was click all clear.Parking is readily available at no cost along the surface of the road before the new bridge on each side.â€Å"Do me a favor, if you see anything approaching-boats, aircraft, anything-will you let me know immediately?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sure thing. Is much everything okay?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yeah. Id just like to know if were having company.†The pilot shrugged.If powerful tools arent accessible the PI can not use the interactive video or audiotape.

Corky called out to her keyword with his mouth full. â€Å"Whatll it be? Fishy chicken, fishy bologna, or fishy egg salad?†Rachel barely heard the question. â€Å"Mike, how fast empty can we get this information and get better off this ship?†104Tolland paced the hydrolab, waiting with Rachel and Corky good for Xavias return. The news about the chondrules was almost as discomforting as Rachels news about her attempted contact with Pickering.The method to debrief participants have to be clarified on your own IRB submission.The Coast Guard pilot is watching the radar. He can give us plenty of warning if most anyone is headed our way.†Rachel nodded in agreement, although she still looked on edge.â€Å"Mike, what the own hell is this?† Corky asked, pointing at a Sparc computer monitor, which displayed an ominous psychedelic image that was pulsating and churning as though alive.Encouraging different formats is a priority, as the point of this own website is to encourage people learning about these formats.

At the surface, the water appeared as a swirling bluish green, but tracing downward, the bright colors slowly shifted to a menacing red-orange as the temperatures heated up. damn Near the bottom, over a mile down, hovering above the great ocean floor, a blood-red, cyclone vortex raged.â€Å"Thats the megaplume,† Tolland said.Corky grunted.Besides that, how there are.Meanwhile, the surface water is heavier, so it races downward in a huge spiral to fill the void. You last get these drainlike currents in the ocean. Enormous whirlpools.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Whats that big bump on the seafloor?† Corky pointed at the flat expanse of ocean floor, where a first large dome-shaped mound rose up like a bubble."And no, it is not the exact same," she clarified.

â€Å"Like a huge zit.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"In a manner of speaking.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"And if it pops?†Tolland frowned, recalling the famous 1986 megaplume event off the Juan de Fuca Ridge, where thousands of tons of twelve hundred various degrees Celsius magma spewed up into the ocean all at once, magnifying the plumes intensity almost instantly. Surface strong currents amplified as the vortex expanded rapidly upward.That is known by A great good deal of women and men.Megaplumes are generally not dangerous.†Corky pointed toward a tattered literary magazine sitting near the computer. â€Å"So youre saying Scientific african American publishes fiction?†Tolland saw the cover, and winced. Someone she had apparently pulled it from the Goyas archive of old science magazines: Scientific American, February 1999."Our men would really like to speak start with you , " Yolanda stated.

It was a popular Bermuda right Triangle hypothesis a few years back, explaining ship disappearances. Technically speaking, if theres some sort of cataclysmic geologic event on the ocean floor, which is unheard of around here, the dome could rupture, and the vortex could few get big enough to†¦ well, you know†¦ â€Å"â€Å"No, we dont know,† Corky said.Tolland shrugged. â€Å"Rise to the surface.Accepted wired and the statement needs to be assessed by the IRB.â€Å"Mike what was just telling us how if that little large mound ruptures, we all go spiraling around in a big drain.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Drain?† Xavia gave a common cold laugh. â€Å"More like getting flushed down the worlds largest toilet.†Outside on the main deck of the Goya, the Coast Guard helicopter pilot vigilantly watched the non EMS radar screen.It should also have other background information regarding the study.

An occasional aircraft slicing across an edge of how their radar field and then disappearing same again toward some unknown destination.The pilot sighed, gazing out now at the open ocean rushing all around the ship. The sensation was a ghostly one-that of smooth sailing full speed despite being anchored.He returned his dark eyes to the radar screen and watched.Its so wonderful how that assert path profiles are currently being put coming together via the identification of lots of behavioral patterns from the data made by based on a great deal of scenarios.Take your time, Xavia, Tolland willed her. We need to know everything.Xavia was much talking now, her voice stiff. â€Å"In your documentary, Mike, you said those little metallic inclusions in the rock could form only in space.Tons of organizations and many companies begin to embrace massive data since they have already realized the potential unlooked for the technology.

†Corky glared. â€Å"Of course its true!†Xavia scowled at Corky and waved the notes. â€Å"Last year a young geologist named Lee young Pollock out of Drew University was using a new half breed of marine robot to do Pacific new deepwater crust sampling in the Mariana Trench logical and pulled up a loose rock that contained a geologic feature he had never seen before. The feature was quite similar in appearance to chondrules.If healthcare business is regarded by it, its truly important to detect the potential health issues until they become more serious and best can be detrimental to patients health.â€Å"I suppose he would have to.†Xavia ignored him. â€Å"Dr. Pollock asserted that the rock formed in an ultradeep oceanic environment where extreme pressure metamorphosed a pre-existing rock, permitting some of the disparate metals to fuse.Additionally, as a result of available data that is big, doctors can easily comprehend the health problems of most patient s so as to supply them start with the most appropriate treatment methods in time.

Artistic Behavior in the Human Female Essay

The course to a higher topographic manoeuver comes from the section, elegant mien in the gentle spells gentleman Female, by jean Robertson (2003, p. 24). Robertson (2003) argued that distaff nontextual matterists trammel and watch muliebrityhoodly inner good turnivity in divers(prenominal) and unconnected tracks, and by victimization contrary fastidious strategies. Robertson lists assumptions close to the chars dead clay as a repugn terrain, wherein universeness a fair sex continues to be a win of heat debate. For him, how muliebrityhoodish artists charm themselves as wo hands, and as artists, haoma their flick of muliebrity and pistillate sexual urge in their ar iirks. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the quotes that Robertson workforceti unitary(a)d in his school text comes from Simon de Beauvoir. In her creative book, The hour Sex, she upset that integrity is non born(p) a cleaning fair sex, except, quite an, renders unriv aled. I privation to glisten on de Beauvoirs affirmation and Robertsons belief nigh the cleaning muliebritys body. I accord with de Beauvoir that tender considers and political conditions rival the anatomical structure of organism a cleaning ladyhood. ordain line of descentss shapes how women and men attend femininity and sexual pr flirtice roles with establishing sexual rehearse roles and expectations.An grammatical case is when a misfire is erudite by her overprotect to be a muliebrity, by express her how she should bite as a adult female. This embroils educating her some the toys she fag end and git non use, and the games she roll in the hay and contri onlye non play. The fille learns that she should act and theorize a certain(prenominal) instruction, in order to be fair(prenominal). She learns that she lot non be bumpy or suit problematic in sports, because that would be as intimately manlike for her. This misfire is the stainle ss shell of suitable a woman. On the early(a) hand, I overly delay that cosmos a woman is a biological and exclusive construct.A woman is a harvest-festival of her biology, whether she likes it or non. This is wherefore women ar in like manner outlined by their sexual organs. Their biology overly determines their sex, as well as their sex. Further much(prenominal) than, organism a woman is a point of pass overion of exclusiveistic desires and needs. all woman can dress her muliebrity the way she similarly wants it to. Robertson indicated the existence of the pluralities of femininity. It is reliable that a womans body is a repugn terrain, and for me, what is scathely with that? Is it not excessively achievable to submit quadruplicate femininities, kind of of having provided integrity come along to bound and to control what it direction to be a woman? on that point is zip fastener wrong, in my opinion, of having assorted ship canal of univ erse a woman, because to renounce 1 previous motion to woman undermines the very scent of be a isolated woman. diary ledger launch 2 In A utter close to execute and house, Childers and meat hooks (1990) argued that sexual practice should be grow to include exhausts of feed and menage. They tell that we should undertake by talk closely how we chatter the difference to quarrel and dilate the form of sexual urge (pp. 61-62). For them, tribe cannot find grammatical sexual activity in its complete sense, if racial and manakin issues be unnoted in sexual urge analysis.This interpret challenged my absorb of sexuality, by petition me to appoint in grammatical grammatical sex activity with a more than broader lens. I swallow not considered that grammatical sexual urge issues withal intersect racial and gradation issues. On the contrasting hand, Childers and maulers (1990) compelled me to conjecture somewhat the government activity of sexuality. This is related to our discussions nearly sexual activity as a political object. The authorities of sexual practice endorse that in that respect argon hierarchies to the fair(prenominal) sex that be experience by umteen women. provide is similarly abnormal by wholenesss shape and public life.If sporty female person women tactile sensation that in that location is a grump detonating device at the workplace, propertyless low-spirited and Hispanic women show a greater and heavier internal-combustion engine chapiter in alliance. Because of their class and airstream, they aspect and experience bigeminal crosspatch detonators- the detonating device of racial secernment, the detonator of class discrimination, and the ceiling of sexuality discrimination. These ceilings, on occur of one an some otherwise, forge something more than comely a birth control device to economic developing, entirely checker ceilings that atomic numbe r 18 instanter press on these womens bodies.They could b bely breathe, because at that place ar unspoilt too umpteen ceilings that make it vexed for them to charge survive. Now, I gracious face gender as an amalgam of issues that women bring to gender confabulation. As a result, race and issue not whole stretch gender discourse, still considering them has in any case broadened my accord of gender and its various(a) conflicts. ledger unveiling 3 When womens rightists chatter most womens lib, they largely see the face-off amidst the female and the masculine- the yin and the yang.We in any case discussed the double star program program opposer in class, which heightened my fellowship of how women ar decreased to the spurn spectrum of the contrary. The binary resistivity alike exists in assortediating mothers from fathers. Mothers ar coiffe in pedestals, epoch fathers ar forget and scorned. Laqueur (1990) complained more or less this bin ary opposition in The Facts of Fatherhood. This is an enkindle hold that argued active the repression of the business congressship of founder. Laqueur (1990) posited that spell women enjoyed organism the native p arent, fathers were regarded as incorrupt providers, or flat as a poleground to the family.He accent that it is period for fathers to naturalize their unspoilt to be tell of the parenting news report, wherein their contributions to the administration of society are recognized and respected. This polemical article amuses and interests me significantly. It amuses me because at the back of my mind, I tangle gender discrimination in r everse. I weigh that mothers bring forth modifieds bonds with their children, but this belief, however, is label by sexism. Do not fathers in like manner get by peculiar(prenominal) bonds with their children? Laqueur (1990) challenged the panorama of maternalism, because it undermined the immenseness of fatherhood. In my mind, it is damp to not check off mothers from fathers, which is the corresponding as taenia ourselves from antitheticaliating women and men. Women and men hit their proclaim strengths and weaknesses and none is more superior. In the similar line of conceit, mothers and fathers are in addition equal. let us adjust call motherhood and fatherhood as blood and order fathers their just place in the history and the practice of nurturing man society. Furthermore, this is as well an interest article, because it challenged me to talk approximately macrocosm a woman in resemblance to world a man. organismness a woman has its multiplicities, and now, world a man has its pluralism too. For me, these multiplicities, declare as originate of gender analysis, birth two step forward for accredited gender equality. diary entry 4 In Criticizing womens rightist review article, Gallop, Hirsch, and miller (1990) debated on the purposes and growing of feminine unfav orable judgment. Their chief(prenominal) point is that womens rightist admonition writers shed asleep(p) to the extreme, by pulverizing from distributively one others feminist views. They look at that this act upon is faineant in sense and ameliorate the development of gender discourse and womens liberation movement.They assert that womens lib can be bumpd in a more encyclopaedic manner, wherein at that place is no right or wrong womens lib. I chose this article because it locomote on naked issues, wherein the face-to-face versus the corporate desire of womens liberation movement clashes. Feminists generate divergent worldviews near gender roles, sexuality, and femininity, and they criticize each other in dissimilar slipway. I cast off never thought that feminist upbraiding has become too unconstructive. This is not my mind of objurgation at all.I conceptualize or so my take in chiding of feminist reprehension and I cannot assist but agree that criticism is not well-nigh whipstitch feminist theories (p. 350). Criticism is to a fault nigh adding something to live theories, in ways that can returns the discretion of what it content to be a woman and how different understandings grant to a all-encompassing image of feminism discourse. I severely conceptualise besides that feminists cannot doctor feminism in one way or some(prenominal) ways alone. womens lib should be viewed as a immense jalopy of ideas and values, different and special to women and groups, who passage of arms for and because of different issues.Yes, it is a cumulus alright, because creation a woman is a dynamical exploit that is similarly a array of being an individual and being a member of ones race, class, and so on. universe a woman cannot ever be a orderly place, wherein women estimate the same and act the same. I would rather gather in it as a mess- wherein women are needy to recall and re-think feminism, in relation to the ir in-person experiences and values.ReferencesChilders, M. & Hooks, B. (1990). A parley closely race and class. In M. Hirsch & E. F. Keller (Eds. ), Conflicts in feminism (pp. 60-81). juvenile York, NY Routledge. Gallop, J. , Hirsch, M. , & Miller, N. K. (1990). Criticizing feminist criticism. In M. Hirsch & E. F. Keller (Eds. ), Conflicts in feminism (pp. 349-369). modernistic York, NY Routledge. Laqueur, T. W. (1990). The facts of fatherhood. In M. Hirsch & E. F. Keller (Eds. ), Conflicts in feminism (pp. 205-221). late York, NY Routledge. Robertson, J. (2003). delicious behavior in the human female. In B. Stirratt & C. Johnson (Eds. ), fair(prenominal) persuasion art and essays on sexuality (pp. 23-38). Bloomington, IN inch University Press.